ARF significantly inhibited intimal thickening in balloon injured carotid artery.
ARF and its active component neferine inhibited VSMC proliferation and migration.
Mechanistically, ARF and neferine inhibited NF-κB and MAPKs activation.
ARF and neferine targeted apical molecule PDGF-Rβ.
ARF and neferine possessed strong anti-oxidative properties.