文摘
Nuclear factor kappaB (NFx3ba;B) is a key transcriptional regulator of inflammatory genes. We investigated the modulatory effects of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), microglia and meningeal fibroblasts on translocation of NFx3ba;B to astrocyte nuclei. The percentage of activated astrocytes in co-cultures with OECs was significantly less than for co-cultures with microglia (p x3c; 0.001) and fibroblasts (p x3c; 0.05). Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore stimulation of p65 NFx3ba;B translocation to nuclei provided an in vitro model of astrocyte inflammatory activation. Soluble factors released by OECs significantly moderated the astrocytic NFx3ba;B translocation induced by either PMA/calcium ionophore or microglia-derived factors (p x3c; 0.001). Insulin-like growth factor-1 may contribute to these effects, since it is expressed by OECs and also significantly moderated the astrocytic NFx3ba;B translocation (p x3c; 0.05), albeit insufficiently to fully account for the OEC-induced moderation (p x3c; 0.01). Olfactory ensheathing cells significantly moderated the increased transcription of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor in the activated astrocytes (p x3c; 0.01). These results suggest that transplanted OECs could improve neural repair after CNS injury by moderating astrocyte activation.