Excess nitrogen (N) deposition negatively impacts eastern U.S. hardwood forests.
Our study studied biogeochemical effects via foliar analysis of herb layer species.
Aerial N additions were made to an entire watershed for a 25-yr period.
Early-dominant Viola and late-dominant Rubus were higher in N, lower in Ca.
N-mediated increases in Rubus appeared to redistribute Mn to surface soils.