Salinization increased over time due to both natural and anthropogenic processes.
Mixing between Ogallala and underlying formations aggravated salinization process.
A distinct spatial pattern in salinization and NO3-contamination was apparent.
Water quality degraded from north (HCO3 water) to south (SO4–Cl water) of Ogallala.
Shallow wells were more saline and NO3-contaminated, indicating surficial inputs.