Anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2

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• 作者：Emily C. Graff<sup>asup><sup> ; sup><sup>bsup> ; Han Fang<sup>asup> ; Desiree Wanders<sup>csup> ; Robert L. Judd<sup>asup><sup> ; sup><sup>juddrob@auburn.edu" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding authorsup>
• 关键词：ABCG1 ; ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 1 ; β-OHB ; beta-hydroxybutyrate ; cAMP ; cyclic adenosine monophosphate ; COX ; cyclooxygenase ; EC50 ; half maximal effective concentration ; FAE ; fumaric acid esters ; Gi ; G-inhibitory ; GPR ; G-protein coupled receptor ; HCA ; hydroxycarboxylic acid ; HDL ; high-density lipoprotein ; HSL ; hormone sensitive lipase ; ICAM ; intracellular adhesion molecule ; IκBα ; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor ; alpha ; IL ; interleukin ; iN
• 刊名：Metabolism
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：65
• 期：2
• 页码：102-113
• 全文大小：868 K

文摘

The hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors (HCA<sub>1–3sub>) are a family of G-protein-coupled receptors that are critical for sensing endogenous intermediates of metabolism. All three receptors are predominantly expressed on adipocytes and mediate anti-lipolytic effects. In addition to adipocytes, HCA<sub>2sub> is highly expressed on immune cells, including macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils and dermal dendritic cells, among other cell types. The endogenous ligand for HCA<sub>2sub> is beta-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB), a ketone body produced by the liver through β-oxidation when an individual is in a negative energy balance. Recent studies demonstrate that HCA<sub>2sub> mediates profound anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of tissues, indicating that HCA<sub>2sub> may be an important therapeutic target for treating inflammatory disease processes. This review summarizes the roles of HCA<sub>2sub> on inflammation in a number of tissues and clinical states.