Lipid somersaults: Uncovering the mechanisms of protein-mediated lipid flipping

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• 作者：Thomas Gü ; nther Pomorski^a ; ^b ; ^{tgp@plen.ku.dk} ; Anant K. Menon^c ; ^{akm2003@med.cornell.edu}
• 关键词：ABC transporter ; ATP-binding cassette transporter ; bCM ; bacterial cytoplasmic membrane ; DLO ; dolichol-linked oligosaccharide ; ER ; endoplasmic reticulum ; GPCR ; G protein-coupled receptor ; GPD ; glucose-P-dolichol ; GPI ; glycosylphosphatidylinositol ; LPS ; lipopolysaccharide ; MPD ; mannose-P-dolichol ; NBD ; 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1 ; 3-diazol-4-yl ; OST ; oligosaccharyltransferase ; PA ; phosphatidic acid ; PC ; phosphatidylcholine ; PE ; phosphatidylethanolamine ; PG ; phosphatidylglycerol ; PI ; phosphatidylinositol ; P
• 刊名：Progress in Lipid Research
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：October 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：64
• 期：Complete
• 页码：69-84
• 全文大小：1748 K
• 卷排序：64

文摘

Membrane lipids diffuse rapidly in the plane of the membrane but their ability to flip spontaneously across a membrane bilayer is hampered by a significant energy barrier. Thus spontaneous flip-flop of polar lipids across membranes is very slow, even though it must occur rapidly to support diverse aspects of cellular life. Here we discuss the mechanisms by which rapid flip-flop occurs, and what role lipid flipping plays in membrane homeostasis and cell growth. We focus on conceptual aspects, highlighting mechanistic insights from biochemical and in silico experiments, and the recent, ground-breaking identification of a number of lipid scramblases.