The highest conversion was obtained on ceria supported Rh.
Rh is in partially oxidized states on alumina, titania and ceria during reaction.
Acetaldehyde is oxidized to acetate species on Rh/Al2O3 and on Rh/CeO2.
Acetaldehyde is dehydrogenated to acetyl species on Rh/Al2O3 and on Rh/CeO2.
On Rh/TiO2 the one of intermediate is HCOOH/HCOO(a) formed via aldehyde oxidation.