Fragmentation of Peptide Disulfides under Conditions of Negative Ion Mass Spectrometry: Studies of Oxidized Glutathione and Contryphan
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- 作者：Suman S. Thakur ; Padmanabhan Balaram
- 关键词：Cocaine ; Blood ; Benzoylecgonine ; Concentrations ; DUID ; Impaired driving
- 刊名：Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
- 出版年：2008
- 出版时间：March 2008
- 年：2008
- 卷：19
- 期：3
- 页码：358-366
- 全文大小：1096 K
文摘
Cocaine and its major metabolite benzoylecgonine (BZE) were determined in blood samples from people arrested in Sweden for driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) over a 5-year period (2000–2004). Venous blood or urine if available, was subjected to a broad toxicological screening analysis for cannabis, cocaine metabolite, amphetamines, opiates and the major benzodiazepines. Verification and quantitative analysis of cocaine and BZE in blood was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) at limits of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.02 mg/L for both substances. Over the study period 26,567 blood samples were analyzed and cocaine and/or BZE were verified in 795 cases (3 % ). The motorists using cocaine were predominantly men (>96 % ) with an average age of 28.3 ± 7.1 years (±standard deviation, S.D.). The concentration of cocaine was below LOQ in 574 cases although BZE was determined at mean, median and highest concentrations of 0.19 mg/L, 0.12 mg/L and 1.3 mg/L, respectively. In 221 cases, cocaine and BZE were together in the blood samples at mean and (median) concentrations of 0.076 mg/L (0.05 mg/L) and 0.859 mg/L (0.70 mg/L), respectively. The concentrations of BZE were always higher than the parent drug; mean BZE/cocaine ratio 14.2 (median 10.9) range 1–55. Cocaine and BZE were the only psychoactive substances reported in N = 61 cases at mean (median) and highest concentrations of 0.095 (0.07) and 0.5 mg/L for cocaine and 1.01 (0.70) and 3.1 mg/L for BZE. Typical signs of drug influence noted by the arresting police officers included bloodshot and glossy eyes, agitation, difficulty in sitting still and incoherent speech.