Comparative evaluation of fixed/(trans)portable Raman instruments for the characterization of 16th century painting pigments.
White lead, calcite, cerussite, litharge, vermilion, minium, azurite, lapis lazuli, indigo, gypsum, egg and resins detected.
Respectively 3, 10, 12 and 8 pigments are identified with 532, 633, 785 and 1064 nm exciting lines.