The Melanopsidae evolved about 90 Ma ago from brackish ancestors.
First freshwater Melanopsis originated in the early Miocene on the Balkan Peninsula.
Brackish-water species were replaced by freshwater representatives during the Neogene.
Thermophilous Melanopsis has continuously expanded southwards since the early Miocene.
Today's biogeographic pattern roots in climatic deterioration during the Cenozoic.