The role of (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) in soft tissue sarcoma is still uncertain. A review of the main available evidences is provided, with a contemporary view. Is it possible to draw up the ‘identikit’ of the right candidate for adjuvant CT? What groundbreaking studies on (neo)adjuvant CT are currently ongoing? Future and collateral perspectives to the use of (neo)adjuvant CT are illustrated.