Association of Parkinson Disease with Structural and Regulatory Variants in the HLA Region

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• 作者：William聽T. Wissemann ; Erin聽M. Hill-Burns ; Cyrus聽P. Zabetian ; Stewart聽A. Factor ; Nikolaos Patsopoulos ; Bryan Hoglund ; Cherie Holcomb ; Ryan聽J. Donahue ; Glenys Thomson ; Henry Erlich ; Haydeh Payami
• 刊名：The American Journal of Human Genetics
• 出版年：7 November, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：93
• 期：5
• 页码：984-993
• 全文大小：214 K

文摘

Historically, association of disease with the major histocompatibility complex (HLA) genes has been tested with HLA alleles that encode antigen-binding affinity. The association with Parkinson disease (PD), however, was discovered with noncoding SNPs in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). We show here that several HLA-region SNPs that have since been associated with PD form two blocks tagged by rs3129882 (p = 9聽脳 10^鈭?1) and by rs9268515 and/or rs2395163 (p = 3聽脳 10^鈭?1). We investigated whether these SNP-associations were driven by HLA-alleles at adjacent loci. We imputed class I and class II HLA-alleles for 2000 PD cases and 1986 controls from the NeuroGenetics Research Consortium GWAS and sequenced a subset of 194 cases and 204 controls. We were therefore able to assess accuracy of two imputation algorithms against next-generation-sequencing while taking advantage of the larger imputed data sets for disease study. Additionally, we imputed HLA alleles for 843 cases and 856 controls from another GWAS for replication. PD risk was positively associated with the B^{鈭?/sup>07:02_C鈭?/sup>07:02_DRB5鈭?/sup>01_DRB1鈭?/sup>15:01_DQA1鈭?/sup>01:02_DQB1鈭?/sup>06:02} haplotype and negatively associated with the C^{鈭?/sup>03:04, DRB1鈭?/sup>04:04} and DQA1^{鈭?/sup>03:01} alleles. The risk haplotype and DQA1^{鈭?/sup>03:01} lost significance when conditioned on the SNPs, but C^{鈭?/sup>03:04} (OR = 0.72, p = 8聽脳 10^鈭?) and DRB1^{鈭?/sup>04:04} (OR = 0.65, p = 4聽脳 10^鈭?) remained significant. Similarly, rs3129882 and the closely linked rs9268515 and rs2395163 remained significant irrespective of HLA alleles. rs3129882 and rs2395163 are expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) for HLA-DR and HLA-DQ (9聽脳 10^鈭? 鈮?P_eQTL 鈮?2聽脳 10^鈭?9), suggesting that HLA gene expression might influence PD. Our data suggest that PD is associated with both structural and regulatory elements in HLA. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that noncoding SNPs in the HLA region can be associated with disease irrespective of HLA alleles, and that observed associations with HLA alleles can sometimes be secondary to a noncoding variant.