Cell-Penetrating Bacterial Effector Proteins: Better Tools than Targets

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• 作者：Christian Rü ; ter¹ ; ^{rueterc@uni-muenster.de} ; M. Alexander Schmidt¹ ; ^{infekt@uni-muenster.de}
• 关键词：bacterial injection systems ; cell-penetrating effector proteins ; targeting signaling pathways ; tools not targets ; autoimmune disorders
• 刊名：Trends in Biotechnology
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：February 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：35
• 期：2
• 页码：109-120
• 全文大小：2320 K
• 卷排序：35

文摘

Bacterial pathogens have developed intriguing virulence mechanisms, including several sophisticated nanomachines, for injecting effector proteins to manipulate host immune signaling pathways for their own benefit. Therefore, bacterial genomes harbor a wealth of information about how to manipulate the defense systems of the host. Current understanding addresses virulence mechanisms mostly as targets for antimicrobials. We propose a change of paradigm by exploiting bacterial effectors not as targets but as tools for the directed manipulation of host signaling – for the benefit of the host. Recently, effector proteins have been identified that autonomously translocate into host cells, representing a novel class of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) or effectors (CPEs). Moreover, autonomous cell penetration overcomes a major hurdle in pharmacology by transducing specific therapeutic agents to intracellular targets.