Calcium spirulan derived from Spirulina platensis inhibits herpes simplex virus 1 attachment to human keratinocytes and protects against herpes labialis

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• 作者：Julia Mader ; MEd^a ; ^b ; Antonio Gallo ; PhD^a ; Tim Schommartz ; MSc^a ; Wiebke Handke ; PhD^a ; Claus-Henning Nagel ; PhD^a ; Patrick Gü ; nther ; RPh^c ; Wolfram Brune ; MD^a ; ^d ; ^{wolfram.brune@hpi.uni-hamburg.de" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Kristian Reich ; MD ; PhD^b ; ^{kreich@dermatologikum.de" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 关键词：Herpes simplex virus 1 ; Kaposi sarcoma&ndash ; associated herpesvirus/human herpes virus 8 ; Spirulina microalgae ; calcium spirulan ; keratinocytes ; herpes labialis ; Kaposi sarcoma
• 刊名：Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：January 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：137
• 期：1
• 页码：197-203.e3
• 全文大小：1618 K

文摘

Chronic infections with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 are highly prevalent in populations worldwide and cause recurrent oral lesions in up to 40% of infected subjects.

Objective

We investigated the antiviral activity of a defined Spirulina platensis microalga extract and of purified calcium spirulan (Ca-SP), a sulfated polysaccharide contained therein.

Methods

The inhibitory effects of HSV-1 were assessed by using a plaque reduction assay and quantitative PCR in a susceptible mammalian epithelial cell line and confirmed in human keratinocytes. Time-of-addition and attachment experiments and fluorescence detection of the HSV-1 tegument protein VP16 were used to analyze the mechanism of HSV-1 inhibition. Effects of Ca-SP on Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus/human herpes virus 8 replication and uptake of the ORF45 tegument protein were tested in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. In an observational trial the prophylactic effects of topically applied Ca-SP were compared with those of systemic and topical nucleoside analogues in 198 volunteers with recurrent herpes labialis receiving permanent lip makeup.

Results

Ca-SP inhibited HSV-1 infection in vitro with a potency at least comparable to that of acyclovir by blocking viral attachment and penetration into host cells. Ca-SP also inhibited entry of Kaposi sarcoma–associated herpesvirus/human herpes virus 8. In the clinical model of herpes exacerbation, the prophylactic effect of a Ca-SP and microalgae extract containing cream was superior to that of acyclovir cream.

Conclusion

These data indicate a potential clinical use of Ca-SP containing Spirulina species extract for the prophylactic treatment of herpes labialis and suggest possible activity of Ca-SP against infections caused by other herpesviruses.