- 作者：Joan Palou ; Andreas Bö ; hle ; J. Alfred Witjes ; Marc Colombel ; Maurizio Brausi ; Donald Lamm ; Raj Persad ; Roger Buckley ; Hideyuki Akaza ; Mark Soloway
- 关键词：Bladder biopsies ; Bladder tumour markers ; Computed tomography ; Cystoscopy ; Diagnosis of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer ; Intravenous urography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Transurethral resection of the bladder tumour ; Ultrasonography
- 刊名：European Urology Supplements
- 出版年：2008
- 出版时间：October 2008
- 年：2008
- 卷：7
- 期：10
- 页码：627-636
- 全文大小：162 K
ContextEarly detection and diagnosis improves both the management and survival of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).Objective
To provide a review of current approaches to the diagnosis of NMIBC as well as practical recommendations.
Evidence acquisition
A committee of internationally renowned leaders in bladder cancer management, known as the International Bladder Cancer Group (IBCG), was convened in October 2006 to review current literature surrounding the diagnosis of NMIBC as well as the current clinical practice guidelines of the European Association of Urology (EAU), the First International Consultation of Bladder Tumours (FICBT), the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), and the American Urological Association (AUA). Following the inaugural meeting in October 2006, the IBCG met on three subsequent occasions to exchange ideas and develop uniform and practical recommendations for the diagnosis of NMIBC.
Evidence synthesis
The IBCG provided practical recommendations for the assessment and diagnosis of NMIBC.
Conclusions
The diagnosis of NMIBC is ultimately made by transurethral resection of the bladder tumour (TURBT). Cystoscopy should be performed in all patients, and the aspect, number, shape, size, and location of the tumour should be documented. Ultrasonography and/or intravenous urography/computed tomography–urogram should only be used in select patients with multiple or trigonal tumours. A repeat TURBT is recommended in high-grade T1 tumours or if the initial resection was incomplete and/or when there is no muscle in the specimen.