At least three types of “escapes” or ways for bacteria to leave the biofilm are known.

Types of escapes are referred to as desorption, detachment, and dispersion.

Dispersion is a highly regulated, active process.

Dispersion coincides with a physiological change in the dispersing population.

Dispersed cells demonstrate altered susceptibility to antimicrobial agents.

Dispersed cells demonstrate altered virulence compared to planktonic and biofilm cells.

The degree of detachment is impacted by shear forces and modification of the biofilm matrix.

Reversion of developmental regulatory networks may cause biofilm collapse.