- 作者：Jacques Arveiller
- 关键词：Cannabis ; Haschich ; Histoire de la mé ; decine ; Histoire de la psychiatrie ; Histoire de la pharmacie ; Moreau de Tours JJ. ; Brierre de Boismont A.
- 刊名：L'Évolution Psychiatrique
- 出版年：2013
- 出版时间：July-September, 2013
- 年：2013
- 卷：78
- 期：3
- 页码：451-484
- 全文大小：1304 K
This text draws a history of cannabis (hashish) in xixth century France, based on the study of medical, pharmaceutical and psychiatric texts. First is recalled the state of knowledge concerning cannabis at the beginning of the century. Are distinguished the geographical origins of such a knowledge, with paths leading from India, Near-East and North Africa until mid-xixth century. The work of the alienist Joseph Moreau de Tours (1804-1884) is then exposed, as well as the preceding contributions of Alexandre Brierre de Boismont (1787-1881). The travel of Moreau in Orient is evoked, and the cultural context of Romanticism. The acceptance of Moreau's book of 1845 by contemporary medical readers is commented. This book gives a general theory concerning mental illness, and a proposal for curing such illnesses with cannabis. The subsequent history of cannabis, considered as a medical remedy in the second half of xixth century is drawn as rise and fall of therapeutical hopes. The role of French chemists for the extraction of active principles is detailed, focused on the 1848 cholera epidemic. Cannabis as a psychiatric treatment after 1845 is specially analysed. Cannabis will then be progressively considered as a poison, responsible of public health problems. From the 1870 years is outlined a new nosographical category: toxic psychoses, among which ¡°folies hachichiques¡± (cannabic madnesses). A brief sketch is drawn, of cannabis considered as a tool for psychological investigation at the beginnings of scientific psychology, with Charles Richet. At the end of xixth century is built the new frame of drug addictions (toxicomanias), in which cannabis addiction will take place. Psychiatry will then be involved in the treatment not only of the consequences but of the psychological causes of drug consumption. The role played by medicine in the diffusion of cannabis use in Occident is finally underlined.