In gram-negative bacteria, the question of how pilins are assembled to form a type IV pilus remains unknown.
The type IV pilin CofB solely identified as a minor pilin in the colonization factor antigen/III pilus system promotes type IV pilus assembly.
The CofB takes a homo-trimetric, tip-like structure, which is well situated at the top of the CFA/III pilus.
This study enhances our understanding of the mechanism of filament assembly in type II secretion and type IV pilus systems.