Serum ethanolamine plasmalogen was independent factor for cognitive impairment (CI).
Urinary myo-inositol (UMI) was associated with serum hemoglobin A1c.
The interaction between serum ethanolamine plasmalogen and UMI for CI was confirmed.
Combined usage of ethanolamine plasmalogen (PlsEtn) and UMI improved detection of CI.
Serum PlsEtn may be useful in detecting CI among elderly with hyperglycemia.