Highly permissive infection of microglial cells by Japanese encephalitis virus: a possible role as a viral reservoir

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• 作者：Thananya Thongtan ; Poonlarp Cheepsunthorn ; Voravasa Chaiworakul ; Chutima Rattanarungsan ; Nitwara Wikan ; Duncan R. Smith
• 关键词：Apoptosis ; Japanese encephalitis virus ; Microglia ; Mouse
• 刊名：Microbes and Infection
• 出版年：2010
• 出版时间：January 2010
• 年：2010
• 卷：12
• 期：1
• 页码：37-45
• 全文大小：1640 K

文摘

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne Flavivirus, is a major cause of acute encephalitis, and neurons have been proposed to be the principle JEV target cells in the central nervous system. However, clinically, infection with JEV leads to increased levels of cytokines and chemokines in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) the levels of which correlate with the mortality rate of patients. This research aimed to study the role of microglial cells in JEV infection. Mouse microglial cells (BV-2) supported the replication of JEV with extracellular production of virus by 10 h post-infection, and virus titer reached a maximum (2.55 × 10¹⁰ pfu/ml) by day 3 post-infection. While apoptosis was induced in response to virus infection, no alteration in nitric oxide production was observed. Microglial cells remained productively infected with JEV for up to 16 weeks without significant morphological alterations, and the released virions were infectious to mouse neuroblastoma (NA) cells. The high virus production and long persistence of JEV in microglial cells suggests that these cells may serve as viral reservoirs for the infection of neurons in the CNS.