Proglacial lake sediment records reveal Holocene climate changes in the Venezuelan Andes

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• 作者：Nathan D. Stansell^a ; ^{nstansell@niu.edu" class="auth_mail} ; ^{nstansell@gmail.com" class="auth_mail} ; Pratigya J. Polissar^b ; Mark B. Abbott^c ; Maximiliano Bezada^d ; Byron A. Steinman^e ; Carsten Braun^f
• 关键词：Paleoclimate ; Northern tropics ; Clastic sediment flux ; Middle Holocene ; Little Ice Age
• 刊名：Quaternary Science Reviews
• 出版年：1 April, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：89
• 期：Complete
• 页码：44-55
• 全文大小：1616 K

文摘

Lake sediment records from the Cordillera de M茅rida in the northern Venezuelan Andes document the history of local glacial variability and climate changes during the Holocene (鈭?2聽ka to the present). The valleys that contain these lakes have similar bedrock compositions and hypsometries, but have different headwall elevations and aspects, which makes them useful for investigating the magnitude of past glaciations. There was widespread glacial retreat in the Venezuelan Andes during the early Holocene, after which most watersheds remained ice free, and thus far only valleys with headwalls higher than 鈭?400聽m聽asl contain evidence of glaciation during the last 鈭?0聽ka. There was a pronounced shift in sediment composition for the Montos (headwall: 鈭?750聽m聽asl) and Los Anteojos (headwall: 鈭?400聽m聽asl) records during the middle Holocene from 鈭?.0 to 7.7聽ka when conditions appear to have become ice free and drier. There is tentative evidence that the glacier in the Mucubaj铆 valley (headwall: 鈭?609聽m聽asl) advanced from 鈭?.1 to 6.6聽ka and then retreated during the latter stages of the middle Holocene. Clastic sediment accumulation in other nearby lake basins was either low or decreased throughout most of the middle Holocene as watersheds stabilized under warmer and/or drier conditions. In the Montos record, there was another major shift in sediment composition that occurred from 鈭?.5 to 5.7聽ka, similar to other regional records that suggest conditions were drier during this period. Overall, the late Holocene was a period of warmer and wetter conditions with ice extent at a minimum in the northern tropical Andes. There were also punctuated decadal to multi-centennial periods of higher clastic sediment accumulation during the last 鈭?聽ka, likely in response to periods of cooling and/or local precipitation changes. In watersheds with headwalls above 4600聽m聽asl, there is evidence of glacial advances during the Little Ice Age (鈭?.6-0.1聽ka). The pattern of glacial variability is generally similar in both the northern and southern tropics during the Little Ice Age, suggesting that ice margins in both regions were responding to colder and wetter conditions during the latest Holocene. The observed pattern of Holocene climate variability in the Venezuelan Andes cannot be explained by insolation forcing alone, and tropical ocean influences were likely associated with the observed glacial and lake level changes.