- 作者：K.A.M. Kulmala ; H.M. Karjalainen ; H.T. Kokkonen ; V. Tiitu ; V. Kovanen ; M.J. Lammi ; J.S. Jurvelin ; R.K. Korhonen ; J. T?yr?s
- 关键词：Cartilage ageing ; Cross-linking ; Contrast agent ; Computed tomography
- 刊名：Medical Engineering and Physics
- 出版年：2013
- 出版时间：October, 2013
- 年：2013
- 卷：35
- 期：10
- 页码：1415-1420
- 全文大小：1171 K
Objective
To investigate the effect of threose-induced collagen cross-linking on diffusion of ionic and non-ionic contrast agents in articular cartilage.Design
Osteochondral plugs (? = 6 mm) were prepared from bovine patellae and divided into two groups according to the contrast agent to be used in contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) imaging: (I) anionic ioxaglate and (II) non-ionic iodixanol. The groups I and II contained 7 and 6 sample pairs, respectively. One of the paired samples served as a reference while the other was treated with threose to induce collagen cross-linking. The equilibrium partitioning of the contrast agents was imaged after 24 h of immersion. Fixed charge density (FCD), water content, contents of proteoglycans, total collagen, hydroxylysyl pyridinoline (HP), lysyl pyridinoline (LP) and pentosidine (Pent) cross-links were determined as a reference.
Results
The equilibrium partitioning of ioxaglate (group I) was significantly (p = 0.018) lower (?23.4 % ) in threose-treated than control samples while the equilibrium partitioning of iodixanol (group II) was unaffected by the threose-treatment. FCD in the middle and deep zones of the cartilage (p < 0.05) and contents of Pent and LP (p = 0.001) increased significantly due to the treatment. However, the proteoglycan concentration was not systematically altered after the treatment. Water content was significantly (?3.5 % , p = 0.007) lower after the treatment.
Conclusions
Since non-ionic iodixanol showed no changes in partition after cross-linking, in contrast to anionic ioxaglate, we conclude that the cross-linking induced changes in charge distribution have greater effect on diffusion compared to the cross-linking induced changes in steric hindrance.