The first direct constraint on an Early Paleozoic mineralization for the eastern Tianshan
The Kalatag district is characterized by VMS and hydrothermal vein deposit.
Chalcopyrite Re–Os dating constrained the mineralization to 434–432 Ma.
VMS and hydrothermal vein deposit of the Kalatag were formed at the same time.
The Kalatag was formed due to south-dipping subduction of the Kalamaili oceanic plate.