A tachykinin-related peptide precursor (TRP) and its receptor (TRPR) were molecularly characterized in Bactrocera dorsalis. Functionality of BdTRPR was confirmed through heterologous expression and an in vitro assay. BdTRP and BdTRPR expression and BdTRP localization suggest that TRP plays a neuromodulatory role. The TRP/TRPR signaling modulates the olfactory sensitivity to avoid aversive odors in B. dorsalis.