A mixed modulation scheme for blind image watermarking

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• 作者：Hwai-Tsu Hu^a ; ^{hthu@mail.niu.edu.tw" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Ling-Yuan Hsu^b
• 关键词：Blind image watermarking ; Mixed modulation ; Relative modulation ; Quantization index modulation
• 刊名：AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：February 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：70
• 期：2
• 页码：172-178
• 全文大小：2079 K

文摘

Relative modulation (RM) is a scheme developed for effective blind image watermarking. The embedding of a binary bit can be implemented by first selecting a target coefficient along with its prediction and later manipulating this coefficient pair to maintain a desired inequality relationship. The RM has been confirmed to possess superior robustness against malign attacks but suffer undue image distortion. In this paper, a scheme is introduced to ameliorate the quality degradation problem due to excessive coefficient modulation in DCT-based image watermarking. By grafting quantization index modulation (QIM) onto RM, we enable the proposed mixed scheme to achieve a comparable peak signal-to-noise ratio and mean structural similarity and yet remain adequate robustness against commonly encountered attacks. Under the presupposition that the embedding strength is controlled at a similar level, the mixed modulation scheme can compete with the better one between the RM and QIM.