A HCl treatment was performed to modify the surface of TNTAs.
HCl treatment results in more limg="/entities/sbnd" src="/sd/grey_pxl.gif" class="glyphImg imgLazyJSB">OH groups on the TiO2 surface for dye adsorption.
A major performance enhancement originates from the increased dye adsorption.
A PCE of 8.4% was observed for the cell with a 0.1 M HCl treated photoanode.