Organic compounds in PM_2.5 emitted from fireplace and woodstove combustion of typical Portuguese wood species

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• 作者：Cá ; tia Gonç ; alves ; ^a ; ^{catiagoncalves@ua.pt"" rel=""nofollow} ; Cé ; lia Alves^a ; Ana Patrí ; cia Fernandes^a ; Cristina Monteiro^a ; Luí ; s Tarelho^a ; Margarita Evtyugina^a ; Casimiro Pio^a
• 关键词：Biomass burning ; Fireplace ; Woodstove ; PM_2.5 ; GC– ; MS ; Organic tracers
• 刊名：Atmospheric Environment
• 出版年：2011
• 出版时间：September 2011
• 年：2011
• 卷：45
• 期：27
• 页码：4533-4545
• 全文大小：636 K

文摘

The aim of this study is the further characterisation of PM_2.5 emissions from the residential wood combustion of common woods grown in Portugal. This new research extends to eight the number of biomass fuels studied and tries to understand the differences that the burning appliance (fireplace versus woodstove) and the combustion temperature (cold and hot start) have on emissions. Pinus pinaster (Maritime pine), Eucalyptus globulus (eucalypt), Quercus suber (cork oak), Acacia longifolia (Golden wattle), Quercus faginea (Portuguese oak), Olea europea (Olive), Quercus ilex rotundifolia (Holm oak) and briquettes produced from forest biomass waste were used in the combustion tests. Determinations included fine particle emission factors, carbonaceous content (OC and EC) by a thermal–optical transmission technique and detailed identification and quantification of organic compounds by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Fine particle emission factors from the woodstove were lower than those from the fireplace. For both combustion appliances, the OC/EC ratio was higher in “cold start” tests (1.56 ± 0.95 for woodstove and 2.03 ± 1.34 for fireplace). These “cold start” OC/EC values were, respectively, for the woodstove and the fireplace, 51 % and 69 % higher than those obtained in “hot start” experiments. The chromatographically resolved organics included n-alkanes, n-alkenes, PAHs, n-alkanals, ketones, n-alkanols, terpenoids, triterpenoids, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, alcohols, n-alkanoic acids, n-di-acids, unsaturated acids and alkyl esters of acids. The smoke emission rate and composition varied widely depending on fuel type, burning appliance and combustion temperature.