Hydrolyzed poly(isobutylene-alt-maleic acid) (PIAM-Na) was synthesized and used as draw solute for FO desalination.
Nontoxic PIAM-Na produced high osmotic pressure DS with low viscosity.
PIAM-Na showed two Tg values well above the operation temperature of FO-MD hybrid process.
0.375 g/mL of PIAM-Na produced maximum flux with lowest RSF at AL-DS mode compared to conventional salt.