We examined the effects of low doses of carbaryl on Xenopus antiviral immunity. At higher doses carbaryl is toxic and accelerates tadpole development. Carbaryl impairs the tadpole innate immune response to FV3 infections. Carbaryl exposure of adults alters the FV3-induced IFN-I response. Developmental exposure to carbaryl induces lasting changes in adult antiviral immunity alterations.