Traffic environment and demographic factors affecting impaired driving and crashes

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• 作者：Eduardo O. Romano ; ^{romano@pire.org}&#xA0 ; [Author Vitae] ; Raymond C. Peck&#xA0 ; [Author Vitae] ; Robert B. Voas&#xA0 ; [Author Vitae]
• 关键词：Impaired driving ; alcohol-related crashes ; traffic environment ; demographics ; socioeconomic status
• 刊名：Journal of Safety Research
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：February, 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：43
• 期：1
• 页码：75-82
• 全文大小：189 K

文摘

Introduction

Data availability has forced researchers to examine separately the role of alcohol among drivers who crashed and drivers who did not crash. Such a separation fails to account fully for the transition from impaired driving to an alcohol-related crash.

Method

In this study, we analyzed recent data to investigate how traffic-related environments, conditions, and drivers?demographics shape the likelihood of a driver being either involved in a crash (alcohol impaired or not) or not involved in a crash (alcohol impaired or not). Our data, from a recent case-control study, included a comprehensive sampling of the drivers in nonfatal crashes and a matched set of comparison drivers in two U.S. locations. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to investigate the likelihood that a driver would crash or would not crash, either with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) = .00 or with a BAC ?#xA0;.05.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine how different driver characteristics and environmental factors simultaneously contribute to alcohol use by crash-involved and non-crash-involved drivers. This effort calls attention to the need for research on the simultaneous roles played by all the factors that may contribute to motor vehicle crashes.