Implication of spatial heterogeneity for airports' efficiency estimation

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• 作者：Dmitry Pavlyuk ^{Dmitry.Pavlyuk@tsi.lv" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author}
• 关键词：Spatial heterogeneity ; Airport ; Efficiency ; Productivity ; Spatial econometrics ; Stochastic frontier
• 刊名：Research in Transportation Economics
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：August 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：56
• 期：Complete
• 页码：15-24
• 全文大小：1592 K

文摘

This research is devoted to the analysis of a role of spatial heterogeneity in estimation of airports' efficiency. Spatial heterogeneity, caused by uneven distribution of influencing factors over space, is widely acknowledged in the European airport industry, but rarely included in airport benchmarking procedures. We utilise modern methods of spatial econometrics to identify the importance of spatial heterogeneity for estimates of airports' resource elasticity and efficiency values. A set of utilised models includes the spatial error model, spatial stochastic frontier model, geographically weighted regression model, and their modifications.

The empirical findings of the research are based on a sample of 356 European airports (in 2011) and include evidence of the significant effect of spatial heterogeneity on airport's efficiency and productivity estimates. A multi-output approach to production frontier specification is utilised; served passenger and cargo traffic flows are considered as airport outputs. Elasticities of airport input resources that are infrastructure (runways), catchment area characteristics (population size and welfare), regional tourist intensity, and airport status (hub, international) were estimated and discussed. We paid special attention to the geographical variability of input elasticities over Europe. The paper also contains individual estimates of the sample airports' efficiency levels.

The main contributions of this paper are the proved necessity of incorporation of spatial heterogeneity into airport benchmarking procedures and the suggested methodological framework for spatial analysis of airports' productivity and efficiency.