Modify support with TiO2 to improve separation performance and mechanical strength.
Use HNO3 to adjust hydrolysis-condensation rate and final pore structure of TiO2.
The TiO2 layer provide a networking interlocking pattern with CMS membrane.
Rather than vertical, networking interlocking pattern is capable of performance.
CMS/TiO2 membrane exhibits superior perm-selectivity for H2/CO2 and H2/CH4.