Le travail s’est dxe9;roulxe9; xe0; l’unitxe9; de nxe9;onatologie du service de pxe9;diatrie du centre hospitalier universitaire de Gabriel-Tourxe9;, Bamako, Mali du 1<sup>ersup> octobre 2006 au 17 mars 2008. Ont xe9;txe9; inclus tous les nouveau-nxe9;s xe0; terme de 0 xe0; 28 jours hospitalisxe9;s dans le service ainsi que leurs mxe8;res. Pour le diagnostic du paludisme, un test de diagnostic rapide (TDR, OptiMAL IT<sup>®sup>), une goutte xe9;paisse et une rxe9;action de polymxe9;risation en chaxee;ne (PCR) ont xe9;txe9; rxe9;alisxe9;s sur un prxe9;lxe8;vement veineux de la mxe8;re et du nouveau-nxe9;.
Nous avons inclus 267 nouveau-nxe9;s et 146 mxe8;res. L’xe2;ge moyen des nouveau-nxe9;s xe9;tait de 2,7 jours et le poids moyen de 2862,4 g. La microscopie et la PCR sont revenus nxe9;gatifs chez tous les nouveau-nxe9;s. Les mxe8;res xe9;taient xe2;gxe9;es de 25 ans en moyenne. La goutte xe9;paisse est revenue nxe9;gative chez toutes les mxe8;res, le TDR positif xe0; Plasmodium falciparum chez une mxe8;re et la PCR positive pour neuf mxe8;res (sept cas de P. falciparum et deux cas de Plasmodium ovale).
Le paludisme congxe9;nital et nxe9;onatal demeure un xe9;vxe8;nement rare chez le nouveau-nxe9; admis dans une structure de rxe9;fxe9;rence tertiaire au Mali.
Neonatal malaria is classicaly known to be rare in malaria endemic countries. However, reports increasingly suggest an underestimation of its true frequency. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of congenital and neonatal malaria in infants admitted in tertiary reference hospital in Mali using three complementary diagnostic methods.
The study was conducted in neonatalogy unit of the pediatric ward of the teaching hospital Gabriel Toure in Bamako, Mali from October 1st 2006 to March 17th 2008. In-patient infants aged between 0 and 28 days and their mothers were included. Malaria was diagnosed on infants and mothers venous blood using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT, OptiMAL IT<sup>®sup>), light microscopy of thick smear and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Overall 267 infants and 146 mothers were included. The mean age and weight of the infants were 2.7 days and 2862.4 g respectively. Light microscopy of thick smears and PCR amplification of parasite DNA were both negative in the infant population. Mothers had a mean age of 25 years. Microscopy of thick smears was negative in all samples collected from these mothers while the RDT detected one case of Plasmodium falciparum and PCR detected seven cases of P. falciparum and two cases of P. ovale.
Congenital and neonatal malaria remain of a rare occurrence in in-patients infants admitted in a tertiary reference hospital in Mali.