Visual working memory and threat monitoring: Spider fearfuls show disorder-specific change detection
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- 作者：Andrea Reinecke ; Eni S. Becker ; Mike Rinck
- 关键词：Attention ; Change detection ; Fear of spiders ; Phobia ; Visual working memory
- 刊名：Behaviour Research and Therapy
- 出版年：2010
- 出版时间：August 2010
- 年：2010
- 卷：48
- 期：8
- 页码：770-778
- 全文大小：307 K
文摘
Previous studies of biased information processing in anxiety addressed biases of attention and memory, but little is known about the processes taking place between them: visual working memory (VWM) and monitoring of threat. We investigated these processes with a change detection paradigm. In Experiment 1, spider fearfuls (SF) and non-anxious controls (NAC) judged two subsequently presented displays as same or different. The displays consisted of several pictures, one of which could depict a spider. In Experiment 2, SF and NAC, both without snake fear, were tested with displays including either a spider or a snake image to determine the material-specificity of biased VWM. Both groups showed increased change detection for threat images. This effect was significantly stronger in SF, for spider images only, indicating a threat-specific VWM bias. Thus, contrary to the assumptions made by most cognitive models of anxiety, an explicit memory bias was found.