Effect of immersion time on the passive and electrochemical response of annealed and nano-grained commercial pure titanium in Ringer's physiological solution at 37 °C
Grain size of pure Ti sample after 6 cycles of accumulative roll bonding process reached to 90 ± 5 nm. Nano-scale grain refinement led to a reduction in corrosion and passive current densities. Nano-scale grain promoted formation of thicker and less defective passive film. Nano-grained pure Ti is more suitable for implant applications compared to that of annealed sample.