Half a century of measuring culture: Review of approaches, challenges, and limitations based on the analysis of 121 instruments for quantifying culture

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• 作者：Vas Taras ; Julie Rowney ; Piers Steel
• 关键词：Culture ; Culture measurment ; Review ; Cross-cultural research
• 刊名：Journal of International Management
• 出版年：2009
• 出版时间：December 2009
• 年：2009
• 卷：15
• 期：4
• 页码：357-373
• 全文大小：248 K

文摘

After examining 121 instruments for measuring culture, we provide a historical overview and analyze how culture has been operationalized over the last half a century. Our study focuses on the topics of culture definition, dimensionality of culture models, collection and analysis of data for measuring culture, levels of culture measurement, issues of cross-cultural survey equivalence and the reliability and validity of culture measures. For each of these topics, we provide a review of existing approaches, discuss the challenges, and suggest best practices. Based on our analysis, we identify gaps in the field of culture measurement and offer directions for future research.