CO2, Burkholderia sp. D54 and EDTA can stimulate the growth of ryegrass.
CO2 and Burkholderia sp. D54 exhibited different growth stimulation mechanisms.
CO2, rhizobacterium and EDTA decreased the shoot contents of most heavy metals.
However, most treatments enhanced the total accumulating amounts of heavy metals.
CO2 plus rhizobacterium is an optimal way to enhance phytoextraction efficiency.