Porous media can improve the coefficient of heat transfer up to 2.2 fold.
Both porous media and Nano particles have undesired pressure drop effect.
Application of both porous media and magnetic field in ferrofluid flow will result in significant enhancement in heat transfer up to 2.4 fold.
Magnet bar effect is mainly restricted to approximately one fourth of the test section.
Diluted Ferrofluids 2%, results in over 1.4 fold enhancement in heat transfer coefficient.