We exposed walleye embryos to naphthenic acid faction components (NAFCs). NAFCs were derived from fresh oil sands process-affected water. Newly hatched embryos were assessed for changes in expression of fourteen genes. NAFC exposure was associated with increased cyp1a1, and decreased gpx1b and rps40. Toxicity to walleye embryos may be linked to cytochrome P450 and oxidative stress.