Angiotensin II induces an increase in proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.
Angiotensin II-induced cell proliferation is mediated by Spm-Cer-S1P signaling pathway.
MMP-2 plays an important role in the activation of Spm-Cer-S1P signaling pathway by angiotensin II.
Angiotensin II induces an increase in NADPH oxidase derived O2•– which leads to the activation of proMMP-2 and ultimately causes cell proliferation.