Neurexins are presynaptic membrane cell-adhesion molecules which bind to neuroligins, a family of proteins that are associated with autism. To explore the possibility that structural variants in the neurexin
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genes predispose to autism, the coding regions and associated splice junctions of the neurexin 1
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gene were sequenced in 116 Caucasian patients with autism and 192 Caucasian controls. Five ultra-rare structural variants including a predicted splicing mutation were found in patients with autism and absent in 10,000 control alleles. Only one ultra-rare structural variant was found in controls (5/116 vs. 1/192;
P = 0.03, Fisher's exact test, one-sided). In the context of all available data, the ultra-rare structural variants of the neurexin 1
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gene are consistent with mutations predisposing to autism.