Phase transition from γ-Al₂O₃ to α-Al₂O₃ occurs between 850 and 1150 °C.

For concentration increase Al₂O₃-ethylene glycol nanofluids give superior results.

For temperature increases water based Al₂O₃ nanofluids shows better performance.

Thermal conductivity is more sensitive at higher concentration of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles.

Ethylene glycol based Al₂O₃ nanofluids shows higher thermal conductivity sensitivity.