Vitamin E deficiency depressed fish growth, disease resistance, and the immunity and structural integrity of immune organs in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Referring to NF-κB, TOR and Nrf2 signaling
文摘
Vitamin E deficiency depressed the immunity of head kidney, spleen and skin. Vitamin E deficiency aggravated the inflammatory response. Vitamin E deficiency decreased head kidney, spleen and skin antioxidant capacity. Vitamin E deficiency induced head kidney, spleen and skin apoptosis. Vitamin E regulated signaling molecules NF-κB, TOR and Nrf2 mRNA expression.