In-situ electrochemical SHINERS was employed to study adsorption and redox transformation process of viologen at Au(hkl).
Electrochemical behaviors correlated very well with the operando SHINERS data.
Facet-dependence of SERS enhancements were observed on Au(hkl) and well explained by theoretical simulations.
Nonlinear resonant Raman process was identified in our system.