Isotropic models of strain gradient elasticity with 4 to 1 h.o. coefficients.
Relation between dual gradient directions as a simplification criterion.
Boundary-value problem for 4 h.o. coefficient solids and beam models.
Aifantis and Koiter-Sokolowski models recovered as particular cases.
Volumetric strain gradient is of two types, i.e. extensional and rotational.