Prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors associated with autism spectrum disorder

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• 作者：Imen Hadjkacem^a ; ^{hadjkacemimen@yahoo.fr" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Hé ; la Ayadi^a ; Mariem Turki^a ; Sourour Yaich^b ; Khaoula Khemekhem^a ; Adel Walha^a ; Leila Cherif^a ; Yousr Moalla^a ; Farhat Ghribi^a
• 关键词：Autism spectrum disorder ; Child ; Risk factors ; Prenatal ; Perinatal ; Postnatal
• 刊名：Jornal de Pediatria
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：November-December 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：92
• 期：6
• 页码：595-601
• 全文大小：589 K

文摘

To identify prenatal, perinatal and postnatal risk factors in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) by comparing them to their siblings without autistic disorders.

Method

The present study is cross sectional and comparative. It was conducted over a period of three months (July–September 2014). It included 101 children: 50 ASD's children diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria and 51 unaffected siblings. The severity of ASD was assessed by the CARS.

Results

Our study revealed a higher prevalence of prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors in children with ASD in comparison with unaffected siblings. It showed also a significant association between perinatal and postnatal factors and ASD (respectively p = 0.03 and p = 0.042). In this group, perinatal factors were mainly as type of suffering acute fetal (26% of cases), long duration of delivery and prematurity (18% of cases for each factor), while postnatal factors were represented principally by respiratory infections (24%). As for parental factors, no correlation was found between advanced age of parents at the moment of the conception and ASD. Likewise, no correlation was observed between the severity of ASD and different factors. After logistic regression, the risk factors retained for autism in the final model were: male gender, prenatal urinary tract infection, acute fetal distress, difficult labor and respiratory infection.

Conclusions

The present survey confirms the high prevalence of prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors in children with ASD and suggests the intervention of some of these factors (acute fetal distress and difficult labor, among others), as determinant variables for the genesis of ASD.