CSF3, the gene encoding G-CSF, is induced in human myotubes by saturated, but not unsaturated, FFAs.
CSF3 expression is induced via Toll-like receptor 4-dependent and -independent pathways.
Human adipocytes and myotubes treated with G-CSF become insulin-resistant.
A CSF3 SNP affects insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in human subjects with elevated plasma FFA concentrations.
G-CSF emerges as a new player in FFA-induced insulin resistance.