Grinding energy and physical properties of chopped and hammer-milled barley, wheat, oat, and canola straws

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• 作者：J.S. Tumuluru ; L.G. Tabil ; Y. Song ; K.L. Iroba ; V. Meda
• 关键词：Agricultural straws ; Chopper ; Hammer mill ; Grinding energy ; Physical and flow properties
• 刊名：Biomass and Bioenergy
• 出版年：January, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：60
• 期：Complete
• 页码：58-67
• 全文大小：299 K

文摘

In the present study, specific energy for grinding and physical properties of wheat, canola, oat and barley straw grinds were investigated. The initial moisture content of the straw was about 0.13-0.15 (fraction total mass basis). Particle size reduction experiments were conducted in two stages: (1) a chopper without a screen, and (2) a hammer mill using three聽screen sizes (19.05, 25.4, and 31.75聽mm). The lowest grinding energy (1.96 and 2.91聽kWh聽t^鈭?) was recorded for canola straw using a chopper and hammer mill with 19.05-mm screen size, whereas the highest (3.15 and 8.05聽kWh聽t^鈭?) was recorded for barley and oat straws. The physical properties (geometric mean particle diameter, bulk, tapped and particle density, and porosity) of the chopped and hammer-milled wheat, barley, canola, and聽oat聽straw grinds measured were in the range of 0.98-4.22聽mm, 36-80聽kg聽m^鈭?, 49-119聽kg聽m^鈭?, 600-1220聽kg聽m^鈭?, and 0.9-0.96, respectively. The average mean particle diameter was highest for the chopped wheat straw (4.22-mm) and lowest for the canola grind (0.98-mm). The canola grinds produced using the hammer mill (19.05-mm screen size) had the highest bulk and tapped density of about 80 and 119聽kg聽m^鈭?; whereas, the wheat and oat grinds had the lowest of about 58 and 88-90聽kg聽m^鈭?. The results indicate that the bulk and tapped densities are inversely proportional to the particle size of the grinds. The flow properties of the grinds calculated are better for chopped straws compared to hammer milled using smaller screen size (19.05聽mm).