Cognitive process-based subtypes of developmental coordination disorder (DCD)

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• 作者：Katerina Asonitou ; ^{kasonitou@phed.uoa.gr" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Dimitra Koutsouki
• 关键词：DCD subtypes ; Cognitive processes ; PASS theory ; CAS ; Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis
• 刊名：Human Movement Science
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：June 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：47
• 期：Complete
• 页码：121-134
• 全文大小：453 K

文摘

The purpose of the study was to identify the cognitive subtypes demonstrated by children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) using the Planning-Attention-Simultaneous-Successive Processing (PASS) theory and the Cognitive Assessment System (D-N CAS). Participants were 108 children aged 5- and 6-years old, 54 with DCD and 54 without DCD, all attending typical kindergartens. They were examined on 31 cognitive-motor variables. Hierarchical-agglomerative and iterative partitioning cluster analyses including 9 motor and 7 cognitive variables revealed the following six subtypes:

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C1 = children at risk (having considerable difficulty with jumping and minor difficulty with manual dexterity and simultaneous coding);

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C2 = children on the mean (all cognitive-motor scores close to the mean);

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C3 = free from cognitive-motor problems (all scores above average);

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C4 = manual dexterity, planning and simultaneous coding difficulties;

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C5 = manual dexterity, dynamic balance, and planning difficulties;

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C6 = generalized cognitive-motor dysfunction (all scores considerably below average).

It is well known that DCD is a heterogeneous condition. However, whenever cognitive processes were lower than average, cognitive-motor relationship was evident in subgroups C1, C4, C5 and C6. Early identification of task-specific cognitive-motor difficulties may be essential for early educational intervention practices in order to anticipate and improve learning, academic and performing difficulties.