Does personal freedom influence outbound tourism?

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• 作者：Hassan Fereidouni Gholipour ; Reza Tajaddini ; Usama Al-mulali
• 关键词：Outbound tourism ; Personal freedom ; Scarcity theory ; Panel data
• 刊名：Tourism Management
• 出版年：April, 2014
• 年：2014
• 卷：41
• 期：Complete
• 页码：19-25
• 全文大小：405 K

文摘

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of personal freedom in a country on outbound tourism after controlling for other relevant outbound tourism determinants. Using a panel of 80 countries over a period of 13 years (1999-2011) and applying panel fixed-effects and generalized method of moments (GMM) techniques, our results reveal that a lower level of personal freedom in a country increases outbound tourism. These results are more robust for developing countries.